Cultural Counseling and Latino Population Essay

A counselor must understand how one’s own cultural differences and worldviews impact the counseling relationship. This paper will examine how I am culturally different from my client and how I would demonstrate cultural competence. Furthermore, I will describe how I can improve my cultural competence with the client. Clients Background Information My client, Alberto, is a 47-year-old Mexican American who has been married to his wife, Angela, for 27 years and has four children. Alberto lost his job and their savings is limited. Angela desires to work to help provide for the family. Alberto refuses to allow his wife to work. Both seek counseling, primarily because their priest has recommended them to do so. Alberto displays resistance to counseling because he believes it is a waste of time. Cultural Differences Counselors need to be mindful of how their own worldviews, biases, and prejudices impact the counseling relationship. By examining the Latino culture and comparing it to my own enables me to be aware of the differences and prevent me from judging and influencing my cultural worldviews on my clients. I would be respectful to their worldviews and incorporate their values in the counseling process. Latino Cultural Worldviews. Alberto’s characteristics heavily reflect traditional Latino family values. The Latino family structure culture is mainly hierarchal, with the father the head and main provider of the household with machismo characteristics such as being dominant and strong (Sue & Sue, 2013). The mother takes on more of the caregiver role, or marianismo characteristics, and focuses on raising the children (Sue & Sue, 2013). The traditional Latino husband/father expects respect and obedience from all the family members. Counselor’s Cultural Worldviews. I grew up in a multiracial family of four.  Both my parents worked very hard, with my mother being the ‘bread winner’ of the family. This is an unusual characteristic in a military household because normally the mothers stay home since constant moving around the country complicates a woman’s career development. It is also unusual in both the Italian culture and Korean culture for the woman to be the main provider in the household. Both my parents acculturated in their own ways before marrying, and swayed from traditional values of their bloodlines. Everyone in the family had a contributing role; whether it was financially or helping around the home, everyone shared responsibility. My parents encouraged my sister and I to work hard and strive for our dreams- whatever it was they supported us. There were no given roles in our family. Rather, our family culture carried a democracy atmosphere where we all worked and made decisions together. Cultural Differences. The main cultural difference is our family systems and the gender role expectations of father and mother. In the traditional Latino culture, the man dictates the household. Whereas in my family, roles are harder to define since my father and mother shared financial and household responsibility. Demonstrating Cultural Competence Latinos often times disagree with gender roles. This is the case for Alberto and Angela. Alberto’s unemployment is causing strain for the family in terms of financial burden and emotional distress. Challenging the father, or machismo, opposed their traditional values. Avila and Avila (1995) and Constantine, Gloria and Baron (2006), noted that traditional Latino men struggle with gender role conflict when experiencing: (1) lack of confidence in areas of authority, (2) feelings of isolation and depression because of the need to be strong, and (3) conflicts over the need to be consistent in his role (as cited in Sue & Sue, 2013, p.413). Alberto’s openness to seek counseling is limited. In the Latino culture, counseling can be viewed as weak (Sue & Sue, 2013). Seeing as Angela wants to work to help make money for the family, conflicting views about roles and expectations has surfaced between the couple. Angela’s conflict revolves around living up to the traditional L atina expectations; meaning that she is primarily a homemaker. Also, Angela’s opinions and voice is discouraged by her Alberto in the counseling session. This demonstrates how many traditional Latinas are inferior in the marriage (Sue & Sue, 2013). Andres-Hyman, Ortiz, Anez,  Paris, and Davidson (2006), advised that counselor must look at the client’s degree of devotion to traditional gender customs (as cited in Sue & Sue, 2013, pp.413-414). As Alberto and Angela’s counselor I would explore their roles within their family and delve into how these roles may be altering and impacting the family. Also, I would address Alberto’s anxiety levels. Furthermore, I would help Angela consider the change involved with assuming a new role in the family. By addressing these issues in the couple’s cultural framework, I would hope to accomplish a understanding and possible compromise. Improving Cultural Competence with the Latino Population Coming from an equal relationship belief, I am challenged not to favor Angela’s desire to work and contribute financially. My perspective clashes with the traditional Latino gender role expectations. I must remind myself that my beliefs are not universal and not best for everyone. One way to improve my cultural competence is to respect the traditional Latino worldview. Since Alberto is a traditional man, I would respect his values of authority and interview him briefly to demonstrate respect (Sue & Sue, 2013). Also, I understand that in a less acculturated family that I need be more formal and less casual. Reflection Cultural competent practices are essential in the counseling profession. Developing an understanding and respect for people with differing worldviews and cultures promotes the counseling relationship. Practicing within the client’s cultural framework is necessary. Understanding one’s own culture and being mindful how it differs from others is primary. Identifying the cultural differences allows the counselor to be mindful and delineate from imposing one’s own beliefs onto the client. References Sue, D. W., & Sue, D. (2013). Counseling the culturally diverse: Theory and practice (6th ed.). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons.

Hospitality Operations Management Assignment - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 6 Words: 1767 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Management Essay Type Essay any type Level High school Did you like this example? Hospitality Operations Management Contents Task 1 Part 1. Evaluate cost-based pricing and market-based pricing and explain why one approach is better than the other. Part II. Describe additional costs when considering pricing restaurant products. Part III. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Hospitality Operations Management Assignment" essay for you Create order Price Elasticity of Demand. Task 2 3.2. Factors affecting revenue generation and profitability in Hospitality Operations. Task 3 4.1. Effective Appraisal Process Task 4 Task 5 Appendix Bibliography Task 1 Part 1. Evaluate cost-based pricing and market-based pricing and explain why one approach is better than the other. Cost-based pricing is the simplest pricing method which usually used by companies to maximize profit. In this process, a desired mark-up is added to the actual cost of the product to give the selling price. This method sets a price that covers the cost of production and to provide enough profit margin to the company to earn its target rate of return. (Boundless, cost based pricing, 2014) à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“It is used by most organizations today because it is easy to calculate and that it needs less infoà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  (Boundless, cost based pricing, 2014). However, when applying this method, it is impossible for a company to control if a potential customer purchases the product at the calculated price. (Atul Patel, 2009) In market-based pricing, the company will evaluate the costs of a similar product that are on the market. If the competitionà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s product has more or fewer features than Hotel Xà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s, Hotel X will then adjust the price lower or higher than a competitorà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s pricing. The hotel may also decide for their product cost to be of the same as a competitor, but it has to be of a better value. It may also be set to be slightly higher to account it for the additional feature. (Leigh Anthony, 2014) One of the flaws of market-based pricing is that Hotel X may need to engage in other tactics in order to gain more customers should the price is not enough to be an incentive. (Boundless, 2014) With this approach applied to Hotel X, it would be able to pull more guests by enforcing the market-based pricing method. This is because Hotel X is surrounded by many other restaurants within the area, so it keeps the hotel competitive with direct competitors. The competitorà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s price is at hand, so it is relatively fast to produce in terms of pricing. Part II. Describe additional costs when considering pricing restaurant products. Cover charge It is a fixed fee a customer has to pay regardless the service consumed. (Dictionary) For example, if a guest booked a table for ten persons and confirmed it, the guest will have to pay for all 10 persons even if one person did not show up. The cover charge, usually occurs during peak seasons such as Ramadhan, Christmas or Chinese New Year where restaurants will have a buffet dinner or lunch promotion. There are cases when this happens; the guest will be offered a 10% discount on their next visit. Part III. Price Elasticity of Demand. Price elasticity of demand (PEoD) can be calculated as: Percentage change in quantity demanded Percentage change in price (Riley, 2012) If PEoD is more than 1, consumers are sensitive to change in price and this is called elastic. If it is less than 1, PEoD is inelastic where consumers are insensitive to the price change. Hence, with the cost of demand is being inelastic, Hotel X may want to raise its price because it knows it can sell its product at a higher price without losing any sales. Otherwise, they are to lower the price but still attracting customers. (Boundless) Task 2 3.2. Factors affecting revenue generation and profitability in Hospitality Operations. The two factors affecting revenue generation and profitability of the restaurant in Hotel X are shelf life and labeling and food rotating. Shelf life is the period of during which a stored food product remains valid, useful or suitable for consumption. (The Free Dictionary by Farlex, 2014) Shelf life can be done by managing inventory of perishable goods to prevent wastage such as vegetables or raw meat. With a record in hand, the restaurant can then apply the FIFO rule (first in, first out), that is to use the old items first. Besides that, preserving food in the refrigerator by using plastic wraps can help the food from drying and also to avoid the transferal of food odors from one to another. (Adib, 2014) Task 3 4.1. Effective Appraisal Process Appraisals are conducted annually for all employees in an organization, and this will help them as a working individual as well as to improve the organizational performance and to feed into business planning. It is also essential for career and succession planning for a person or the organization as a whole. It reviews each employeeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s performance against the agreed objectives and standards for the trading, which was done during the previous appraisal meeting. Appraisals are important as it motivates staff and improves attitude and behavioral development. Moreover, it also increases communication skills and aligning individual and organizational goals and develop positive relationships between management and employees. (Chapman, 2014) To make sure that the appraisers are doing an effective appraisal for the employees, they are to ensure that the management is fully committed to the whole idea of appraisals. They are to provide training to those who are carrying o ut appraisals to ensure that they are fair. However, when appraisals are managed without training, explanation and are conducted poorly will be counterproductive and a waste of everyoneà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s time. When doing appraisal, everything positive or negative should be shown to the employees. Appraisers are to be imaginative and creative when discussing, discovering and agreeing à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"whole-personà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ development that people will respond to and incorporate this development into the appraisal process. (Chapman, 2014) Task 4 Quantitative Appraisal Technique Hotel X can consider in using metric for absenteeism as its quantitative appraisal technique. It can be calculated as: No. of days absent X 100 (Average no. of employees) x (No. of workdays) (The Employers Association, 2014) It is calculated monthly by either using an automated time clock or time recording system as reference. (Haines, 2010) This method can be an indicator whether the hotel productivity levels or not. (The Metrics Man, 2012) Qualitative Appraisal Technique One of the qualitative appraisal technique that will be used in Hotel X is by doing an open ended question. This method gathers information by conducting a structured interview where the interviewer can only ask questions on the same topics for each interview that are carefully worded to avoid ambiguity or particular undesired connotations. The question focuses more on the participantà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s thoughts, experiences, knowledge, and skills. By applying open ended to Hotel X, it lets the interviewer see perspectives and opportunities for themselves and also it is an effective research where the interviewer wants more control over the result. (Thibodeaux, 2014) Task 5 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“How long does it take for Hotel X customers to receive their food once they have placed an order?à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  This can be resolved by creating a customer comment card for restaurants (Refer to Appendix 1). The customer comment card allows customers to express their opinions and feedbacks and helps the restaurant to measure customerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s satisfaction and also to show areas of the department where it needs improvement. (Waters, 2014) The restaurant in Hotel X has received a lot of comments where most customers are not satisfied with its service and that they have to wait for a long time for their food to be served. This is due to lack of staff and the inefficiency of their performance. They might be unmotivated there are only 2-3 staffs working per shift while attending more than 40 customers everyday. Another reason is because the inconsistency of the quality of the food due to the frequent change of cooks. To overcome these problem, the restaurant may consider in changing the menu according to what the chef specializes at and is unique and different from other restaurants available outside Hotel X. It can also consider in promoting buffet where less staff is needed (Singh, 2010) especially during peak season. To gain back staffà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ ž ¢s efficiency, pre-work briefings are to be done daily with their opinions and suggestions are to be heard whenever possible as this will make them feel more motivated in doing their tasks. Lastly, the service can be improved by timing when the order was taken as well as when the food was received by customers. Moreover, changing of table arrangements and staffs are to be allocated on which tables they are to serve would be able to improvise the service in the restaurant as well. With this, the restaurant may be able to improve its service and gain back their customers satisfaction and will be able to attract more customers especially when new menu is being introduced. Appendix Figure 1 Source: https://www.musthavemenus.com/menu/msword.do?id=220864page=0 Bibliography Adib, R. (2014, September 29). Healthy Living. Retrieved November 30, 2014, from English AlArabiya: https://english.alarabiya.net/en/life-style/healthy-living/2014/11/28/Fast-food-finds-new-Saudi-fans.html All Food Business. (2013). Food Safety Labeling And Rotating Food . Retrieved November 30, 2014, from All Food Business: https://www.allfoodbusiness.com/Food_labeling.php Atul Patel, R. O. (2009). The Good Guide to Trading: Getting Ready for Enterprise. London: NCVO. Boundless. (2014). cost based pricing. Cost-based Pricing. Boundless. (2014). Interpretations of Price Elasticity of Demand. Retrieved December 2, 2014, from Boundless: https://www.boundless.com/economics/textbooks/boundless-economics-textbook/elasticity-and-its-implications-6/price-elasticity-of-demand-54/interpretations-of-price-elasticity-of-demand-210-12301/ Boundless. (2014). market-based pricing. Competitive-based Pricing. Chapman, A. (2014). Retrieved 12 1, 2014, from Business Balls: https:/ /www.businessballs.com/performanceappraisals.htm#skills_assessments_TNA_tools Dictionary, B. (n.d.). Customer Charge. Retrieved November 30, 2014, from Business Dictionary: https://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/customer-charge.html Haines, J. (2010, October 12). Retrieved December 2, 2014, from Toolbox.com: https://measurement-metrics.hr.toolbox.com/groups/strategy-administration/measurement-metrics/designing-an-hr-metrics-to-measure-absenteeism-in-the-workplace-andor-metrix-on-the-time-in-takes-for-a-new-hire-3809964 Last Name, F. M. (Year). Article Title. Journal Title, Pages From To. Last Name, F. M. (Year). Book Title. City Name: Publisher Name. Leigh Anthony. (2014). market-based pricing. What Is a Market-Based Pricing Strategy? Riley, G. (2012, September 23). Retrieved December 1, 2014, from tutor2u: Therefore in appraisals, be creative and imaginative in discussing, discovering and agreeing whole-person development that people will respond to, beyon d the usual job skill-set, and incorporate this sort of development into the appraisal process. Singh, D. H. (2010, August). blogspot. Retrieved December 2, 2014, from fnbclasses.blogspot.com: https://fnbclasses.blogspot.com/2010/08/buffet-service.html The Employers Association. (2014). The Employers Association. Retrieved November 2, 2014, from employersassoc: https://employersassoc.com/absencerate The Free Dictionary by Farlex. (2014). Retrieved December 1, 2014, from The Free Dictionary by Farlex: https://www.thefreedictionary.com/shelf+life The Metrics Man. (2012, March 4). Retrieved December 2, 2014, from themetricsman: https://themetricsman.wordpress.com/2012/03/04/what-hr-metrics-should-i-use/ Thibodeaux, W. (2014). Retrieved November 2, 2014, from Small Business: https://smallbusiness.chron.com/openended-interview-23923.html Waters, S. (2014). Retrieved December 2, 2014, from Retail.About.Com: https://retail.about.com/od/customerservice/qt/customercomment.h tm Student number, course name, assignment number

Stigma Of Mental Health Disorders - 1835 Words

Stigma on Mental Health Introduction There are still many societies that view people with mental health problems as threatening or unstable. These attitudes often cause stigma and discrimination towards people with mental health problems. Many people who make these assumptions about people with mental health problems are often uneducated. Social workers today educate and help families that may may be struggling with this disease. Mental health disorders affect different people and are more prone to exist in areas where help can be found or is not affordable. Mental health disorders are often frowned upon by people because they do not understand it. Many people live throughout their lives not getting the help they need because of stigma on this topic. As a society Mental health diseases should be identified as problem that can be fixed and not be an identification for the person it is affecting. Social problem or human need Mental health disorders are a problem not only American’s face. It is a worldwide problem that today we still are unclear of what causes these disorders. â€Å"Mental health can be defined as a person’s condition with regard to their psychological and emotional well being† (Oxford Dictionaries, 2016). Mental health disorder can affect children all the way to the elderly. Stigma and discrimination can add to the suffering for mental health patients. It often leads to potential clients turn away and never find help because of the labels people put onShow MoreRelatedStigma Surrounding Mental Health Disorders1059 Words   |  5 PagesThe Stigma Surrounding Mental Health Disorders Mental health disorders affect just about every single person in the world. These disorders come in many forms and severities. A couple of these disorders are depression, anxiety, eating disorders, posttraumatic stress disorder, and many more. 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From Sandy Hook to the Aurora movie theatre shooting, the effects of mental illness have sparked fierce debate and negative stigma surrounding the issue. Mental illnesses, â€Å"patterns of thoughts, feelings, or behaviors that are deviant, distressful, and dysfunctional† (Myers 562), affect 1 in 4 people at some point in their lives (Stigma and Discrimination). However, only 59.6% of people with mental illness report receiving treatment, as they

The Negative Impact of American Prohibition - 1433 Words

Implemented in the 1920s, Prohibition made the selling and buying of alcoholic beverages illegal. Rather than improve Americans lives, Prohibition created a multitude of issues. Prohibition was a drastic failure and created more problems for the United States. Because of the lack of public support, people believed in personal choice and thought it was up to them whether or not they wanted to drink. There was a lack of enforcement of Prohibition and there were more speakeasies than officers. Many government officials went to speakeasies themselves. The bootlegging industry became very profitable, increasing crime and the number of gangs. Some officials were bribed by gangs as well as politicians and this lead to a corrupt government and†¦show more content†¦The bars of the early twentieth century were mainly hang outs for men. However, speakeasies were open to both men and women establishing a gender equality. They also provided people a place to relax and have a good time. S peakeasies allowed musicians, such as jazz artists to play in them, making it popular during this era. Because of this, jazz musicians were able to make a living and became more popular. Policemen in particular attended the speakeasies because they to also wanted to join in on the fun. When people saw the police in the speakeasies they were more relaxed and didn’t worry about being arrested. If policemen were doing it they thought they could too. The bootlegging industry became very profitable, making crime more popular, increasing the number of gangs. After Prohibition went into effect the federal prison population went up 366% and the number of federal convicts increased by 561%(()). All of this started with bootleg alcohol, the fuel of organized crime. Because liquor was no longer legally available, the public turned to gangsters who readily took on the bootlegging industry and supplied them with liquor. The industry became so profitable that more gangsters became involved in this new money-making business. The business of bootleg alcohol was highly profitable for everyone involved which often fueled the Mafia or gang wars. Gangs made millions selling bootleg alcohol so gangs often fought over territories and products. AlShow MoreRelatedThe Negative Impact of American Prohibition1632 Words   |  7 Pagescalled the Prohibition era.† (Scott, Robert.) Many people called this time â€Å"The Roaring Twenties† a nd the â€Å"Jazz Age†, new music appeared, along with new dances and a new and exciting era for women. Also, a general relaxation of standards after the stressful years of WWII. (Prohibition.) Prohibition in the 20’s was also called the â€Å"Noble Experiment† by many, because it was America’s first try at the prohibition of alcohol on a national level that many people didn’t agree with. 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As a result, people slowly resumed depositing their money in banks, whichRead MoreThe Alcohol Prohibition in the United Sates1849 Words   |  7 Pages On January 16, 1920 many Americans felt that their voices had finally been heard. Their hard fought war was over. They had finally sent John Barleycorn to the grave. They believed the United States could now escape poverty and families could prosper. On January 16, 1920 the 18th amendment went into effect. The 18th amendment was the prohibition of any intoxicating liquor. Many celebrated what they called the death of John Barleycorn, a fictional character representing alcohol. The future looked

Big Fat Tax Analysis Free Essays

In the article â€Å"Big fat tax is no gut buster† author Susie O’brien attacking the new tax on the fast food industry. By the opening slogan, â€Å"DON’T tax the big mac† she asserts her position on the tax. Written in bold the slogan immediately catches the eye and as it cleverly rhymes is very memorable. We will write a custom essay sample on Big Fat Tax Analysis or any similar topic only for you Order Now The author continues in cementing her standing on the issue by saying that a junk food tax is not the answer and the rhetorical question that, â€Å"why should reducing our weight start with our wallets? Her target audience with this piece would be those for the tax as she argues that there are downsides to a tax on fast food as well as alternatives that could be better. The image plastered in the centre of the article shows a man made of fast food. It relates to the subject of the article yet despite the amount of greasy fast food also seems appetising. The author also states that she is definitely for helping overweight Australians however that a fat tax is not the answer. We see colloquial language which creates a feeling of comfortability with the author when she states a fat tax is such a, â€Å"one-pronged solution† whilst also dismissing the idea as small-minded. The tone she has written in persuades readers to agree as she says, â€Å"it (government) can remove every damned junk food vending machines from gyms, sport club houses and schools. † The power in which the author says this makes her statement a real rallying point as if she is part of a protest. Whilst loaded language like â€Å"damned† and the rhetorical/loaded question of â€Å"why do so many parents reward kids for playing sport with a packet of chips? † This sentence gives readers who do this a sense of guilt whilst those who don’t may find it amusing. She then goes on to give the audience someone else to blame for their fat with the rhetorical question of, â€Å"Why not start by cracking down on irresponsible food labelling? She continues on with fact and research as she states that all our foods are, â€Å"choc-full of toxic ingredients like saturated fats, trans fats, palm oil and high-fructose corn syrup, which is one of the leading sweeteners in food, but is very hard for the body to effectively break down. † This makes the author seem knowledgeable on the subjects which can persuade readers into trusting her as she clearly knows what she’s talking about. The author gives many alternatives to a fat tax which seem simple to impose as well as logical to reducing obesity rates. The author proposes ideas such as setting up safer pedestrian walkways so that people (especially kids) may walk to places such as the local shops/schools. Inside these alternative solutions she can now turn it back on the fat tax by using loaded sentences such as, â€Å"Why does every social solution seem to involve taking money out of my pocket and putting it into Treasury? † as well as, â€Å"In short, if it (the government) wanted to, it could stop this problem in its tracks. But instead it’s being told merely to increase taxes. Talk about punishing the victim. † The author befriends her audience and makes it seem like she’s one of us/on our side so that it persuades readers to come round to her view. Her use of rhetorical questions makes readers come to assumptions that she wants them to. Whilst also giving them someone to blame in the government alluding that they are simply out for out money. Her powerful final sentence, â€Å"So let’s forget fads like tax on fast food, that will just make takeaways more expensive and will do nothing to change the way people live their lives. Let’s do more to change every single day to make life healthier for everyone. † leaves readers with a sense of duty and that the author’s aim is simply to help us, the people persuading us to be against the fat tax. Susie O’brien uses rhetorical questions and loaded language to coax readers into making assumptions about the government and the fat tax. Clever slogans and imagery helps her arguments be memorable as well as logical. She creates someone to blame as well as alternative solutions which makes a fat tax seem small-minded. This persuades readers to agree with her postion. How to cite Big Fat Tax Analysis, Papers

Cell-Phone Etiquette free essay sample

Cell-phone etiquette I was annoyed a number of times by the site on another person shouting in to his cell phone, form being an invention that has revolutionized communication it has become a much abused tool in the hands of common man. Cell-phone etiquette is really just common courtesy. Most people today have a Mobile phone. In fact, many people cant imagine how they ever got along without a portable phone. However, many people also complain about cell phone users. I have seen people complain about other people loudly discussing personal matters in public places. They complain when cell phones ring in movie theaters and places of worship. They complain about people driving too slow, and not paying attention to where they are going because they are talking on a cell phone. And they complain about people walking around talking to people who arent there. Whenever a new communications technology becomes popular, it changes the way society is organized. We will write a custom essay sample on Cell-Phone Etiquette or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Society has to invent rules for the polite way to use the new devices. Our social etiquette, our rules of politeness for cell phones, is still evolving. Cell-phone etiquette applies to most public places. Always try to keep your phone ringer as low as possible or put your mobile phone on vibrate, so it does not distract the people around you. A good time to leave your phone at home, or at least in the car, would be at a funeral, wedding or some event along those lines. Once I went to a funeral of an elderly man, his son was busy talking to someone over the phone and we were all waiting for him to light the funeral pyre I tried to coin some Basic Cell phone etiquette rules, please feel free to add something on your part. Know when to switch off You must know when to turn it off or vibrate it. Example  meetings, movies, worship, seminars, etc. Vibrate mode when in places where you can take a call, but dont want to disturb others. * Ask Permission You can not see a person being called, may be he must be driving or be in an important meeting so it is better to ask for permission to speak, even he/she may be an intimate friend this rule should apply. * Keep it short and Simple (KISS) When you get a call and youre with friends, keep the call short. * Politeness Dont scream: speak in a lower-than-normal voice, you will be heard by the caller, and not others in the room. Avoid talking where you may be distracting to others. 05. Driving It kills, like alcohol using mobile phone while driving kills. It is not only very dangerous, but also unlawful in most countries  (even India)  to drive amp; talk on your cell Phone 06. Do one thing at a time Multi-tasking is not cool and you cant really do it properly and safely anyway. Pay attention to what you are doing as multi-tasking can be hazardous, rude and inefficient. The person you are talking to deserves your full attention. 07. Respect camera phone rules Camera phone misuse has already become a problem. Respect others privacy and do not use in-phone cameras anywhere a normal camera would be considered inappropriate, such as in art galleries, change rooms or toilets. Ask for permission before you take someones picture. Some venues do not allow the use of cameras and may refuse entry to anyone with one. Cell-phone etiquette is really just common courtesy, better master it soon.

Baby Boomers After World War II

Table of Contents Introduction Government Plans Social Security Trust Fund Conclusion References List Introduction Retirement of baby boomers is inevitable. To analyze the government’s strategies concerning retirement and social security of the same, it is important to note some key factors. The people born immediately after World War II (baby boomers) were many; unfortunately, they have not been giving birth to enough children that could match the population of that time; therefore, demographic change is inevitable. The number of tax paying employees has been declining since 2008 when the first crop of baby boomers entered retirement.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Baby Boomers After World War II specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The decline is attributed to the simple reason that baby boomers did not bring forth enough children to maintain constant population. This implicates that, without proper man agement, social security will shrink and finally collapse because tax-paying population cannot sustain retirement benefits for retired and retiring baby boomers. So, what is the government doing about this lurking crisis? Government Plans According to Gale (2007), â€Å"80 million Americans born from 1946 to 1964 could qualify for Social Security and Medicare during the next 22 years.† Out of this 80 millions, 3.2 millions entered retirement in 2008 at age 62, the early retirement age. Even though some have dubbed this, â€Å"the single greatest economic challenge of our era† (Bernheim, 2000, p. 288), government has strategies in place to counter these challenges. Actually, one of the biggest, though unknown challenges is the fact that many baby boomers are not having enough private savings; hence, they would be forced to depend entirely of social security fund. Nevertheless, the much publicized ‘enough’ private savings is not quantifiable because this is a personal issue. After the government realized that, more than a quarter of baby boomers had not saved enough, it embarked on a campaign to encourage baby boomers not to retire at 62 but prolong that, a little bit long. â€Å"Because people who retire at 62 can expect to live another 20 years, each year they postpone retirement reduces their need for retirement savings by about 5 percent† (Gale, 2007, 5). Extending retirement by a single year increases one’s social security benefits by a significant margin and government is currently campaigning for this extension. Moreover, working for a longer time presents one with the opportunity of saving more, hence reducing the amount that he or she will need from the social security scheme. For instance, taking the case of Casey-Kirschling, at 62 years this year, if she starts drawing money from the social security trust fund next year, â€Å"she will get $240 less per month than she would have if she waited four years† (Butrica, Howard, Iams Karen, 2010). This makes sense and this is the reason the government is campaigning for baby boomers to extend their retirement time.Advertising Looking for essay on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Congress has been working tirelessly to ensure that baby boomers retirement does not plunge the country into economic crisis. In 2003, Congress increased healthcare budget by $768 annually; however, in 2005, â€Å"lawmakers nicked Medicaid’s projected cost by $5 billion over five years, but the Congressional Budget Office still projects the program to grow by about 8% a year† (Butrica, Howard, Iams Karen, 2010). This is commendable and it would work; at least for some time. The other strategy, though a risky one is that of basing government â€Å"pension plans on the assumption that stocks will return an astounding 9.5% yearly growth on average, and that bonds will pay about 5.75%† (Kotlikoff, Auerbach, 2009). The risky part of this notwithstanding, this strategy would work out very well and let baby boomers retire in peace. The other option that the government has is to increase tax rates and cut down the rates of benefits that retirees would get from the social security trust fund. However, this would face opposition from many quarters. Social Security Trust Fund The government initialized Social security system to enable utilization of tax money in a bid top provide retirement benefits to retirees and baby boomers make a good number of these retirees. Among the taxes accumulated under the social security program, are taxes on salaries, wages, and Medicare. According to Pearson (2007), â€Å"out of every dollar collected, 85 cents are deposited into social security trust fund while the remaining 15 cents are utilized to pay the benefits to disabled people and their families.† Even though this strategy is not sufficient, it would work and save baby boomers from financial woes. Generally, Social security trust fund benefits are entitled to retirees, their spouses or any dependants and this is commendable. Moreover, the social security system is dynamic and retirees can choose how to get their benefits. For instance, the government, through the social security trust fund pays full benefits to those retiring at or after 65. This is a strategy on its own, for baby boomers would be compensated upon their retirement. The amount they will get may be relatively small to what is expected; however, the fact is the sustenance of the social security trust fund is helping greatly in strategizing on baby boomers retirement.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Baby Boomers After World War II specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More On the other hand, government has restructured the social security trust fund system to allow retirees to take early retirement. This of cours e contradicts the ongoing campaign to encourage people to extent their retirement. However, because not everyone is willing to extent his/her retirement, the social security fund allows those who are willing to take early retirement to do so at a cost. Those willing to retire early receive â€Å"permanently reduced retirement benefits if they opt for early retirement† (Pearson, 2007). This strategy helps to save more money that would otherwise been paid to these early retirees if they retired at the appropriate time. To create a balance between early retirees and late retirees, government is giving incentives to those willing to prolong their retirement age. In this case, those who â€Å"defer receiving the retirement benefits until the age of 70; they collect higher benefits after that† (Pearson, 2007). This strategy also works; logically, if someone prolongs his or her working age to 70, the tax-paying workforce will be high and this deals with the fears of imbalance d tax-paying employees compared to those depending wholly on the social security trust fund. Moreover, it implies that, apart from withdrawing from the trust fund, people working past their retirement age contribute to it and this may work for the government. Finally, there is a $100 billion surplus annually for the next ten years directed towards the social security trust fund. Moreover, the medical reforms that the Obama administration is pushing may work for the best of baby boomers. With medical services becoming more available, baby boomers retirees do not have to worry; even if they have little money left for medical expenses, this would match the reduced costs of health care services. Conclusion Baby boomers expected and inevitable retirement has caused ripples in different quarters as a crisis looms over their retirement benefits. Nevertheless, the government has ensured that proper mechanisms are in place to counter any crisis. The dynamic nature of the social security trus t fund caters the needs of baby boomers’ retirement. The government is campaigning for extension of retirement age, as this would boost the capacity of the social security trust fund to pay retirees. The $100 billion annual surplus towards the trust fund is a landmark as it ameliorates the trust’s capacity to compensate retirees. On the other hand, the Obama administration is pushing for medical reforms and this would help ‘cash strapped’ retirees.Advertising Looking for essay on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More References List Bernheim, B. (2000). How Much Should Americans Be Saving for Retirement? American Economic Review, 90(2); 288-292. Butrica, A., Howard, M., Iams, K., Karen E. (2010). It’s All Relative: Understanding the Retirement Prospects of Baby Boomers. Chestnut Hill: Boston College Center for Retirement Research. Gale, G. (2007). The Aging of America: Will the Baby Boom Be Ready for Retirement? Brookings Review, 15(3); 4-9. Kotlikoff, L., Auerbach, J. (2009). U.S. Fiscal and Savings Crises and Their Impact for Baby Boomers. Washington: Employee Benefit Research Institute. Person, C. (2007). Social Security Government Retirement Benefits. Web. This essay on Baby Boomers After World War II was written and submitted by user Alan Goff to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.